Impacto de un terremoto sobre los animales de compañia en tres distritos de la provincia de Chincha, Perú / The impact of an earthquake on tenure and welfare of animals in Perú

Evaluar el impacto del terremoto ocurrido el año 2007 sobre la tenencia y bienestar de los animales de compañía y de crianza de traspatio en tres distritos de la Provincia de Chincha, departamento de Ica-Perú. Metodología: Se desarrolló una encuesta que contenía datos demográficos y de tenencia de animales en el periodo pre y post desastre (2007 y 2012). Además, información de muertes y desapariciones post desastre. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se recolectaron 300 encuestas de las cuales 49% correspondió a Chincha Alta, 40% a Pueblo Nuevo y 11% a Tambo de Mora. El 49% de encuestados fueron varones y 51% mujeres. Según las encuestas, antes del terremoto existían 262 perros. De ellos, 27.9% (73) murieron en el desastre, 26% (68) desaparecieron y 46.1% (121) se encontraron vivos. Al momento de la encuesta, se reportó 150 animales, lo que indica una disminución de la población de perros del 42.7%. Respecto a los gatos, ante del terremoto existía 153 animales. De ellos, 24.2% (37) murieron en el desastre, 23.5% (36) desaparecieron y 52.3% (80) se encontraron vivos. Al momento de la encuesta, se reportó 95 animales, representando una disminución de la población del 37.9%. En ambos casos, la composición etárea varío significativamente (p < 0.05) entre lo encontrado antes del terremoto y la actualidad. En el caso de animales de traspatio, antes del terremoto se registró 777 animales, entre aves, porcinos, bovinos, cuyes, entre otros. De ellos 9.9% (77) murieron en el desastre, 5% (39) desaparecieron y 85.1% (661) se encontraron vivos. Se concluye que el terremoto del 2007 produjo un impacto negativo sobre la población de animales de compañía en la zona, afectando su número y composición etárea, situación que no se observó en los animales de traspatio...

To evaluate the impact of 2007 earthquake on tenure and welfare of pets and backyard breeding in three districts in the province of Chincha, Ica, Perú. Methods: We developed a survey containing demographic data, tenure of different types of animals during a pre-disaster period (2007) and now (2012), besides information on deaths and disappearances post disaster. Results and Conclusions: 300 surveys were collected, 49% corresponded to Chincha Alta, 40% to Pueblo Nuevo and 11% to Tambo de Mora. 49% respondents were male and 51% female. According to surveys, before the earthquake there were 262 dogs. 27.9% (73) died in the disaster, 26% (68) disappeared and 46.1% (121) were found alive. At the time of the survey, 150 animals were reported, which means dog population was decrease by 42.7%. Regarding cats, before the earthquake were 153 animals. 24.2% (37) died in the disaster, 23.5% (36) disappeared and 52.3% (80) were found alive. At the time of the survey, 95 animals were reported, representing a decrease by 37.9% in population. Both cases, age composition varied significantly (p < 0.05) between the findings before the earthquake and now. For backyard animals 777 animals were recorded before the earthquake, including birds, pigs, cattle, guinea pigs, among others. 9.9% (77) of them died in the disaster, 5% (39) disappeared and 85.1% (661) were found alive. In conclusion, the earthquake in 2007 had a negative impact on pet population in the area, affecting the number and age composition, which is not observed in backyard animals...

Comparative approach to understanding traumatic injury in the immature, postnatal brain of domestic animals.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent occurrence in veterinary medicine, but the mechanisms leading to brain damage after a head impact are incompletely understood, particularly in the postnatal immature and still developing nervous system. This paper reviews neurotrauma studies, largely in paediatric humans and experimental animal models, in order to outline the pathophysiological and biomechanical events likely to be operative in head trauma involving domestic animal species in the postnatal period, as there is almost no other information available in the veterinary literature. Predicting the outcome of TBI is particularly difficult at this developmental time, in large part because recovery is influenced by the stage of brain maturation and neuroplasticity. An important part of the clinical management of TBI is the differentiation of primary brain damage, which occurs at the moment of head impact and is largely refractory to treatment, from the cascade of secondary events, which evolve over time and are potentially preventable and amenable to therapeutic intervention. An understanding of the causes and consequences of secondary brain damage such as hypoxia-ischaemia, brain swelling, elevated intracranial pressure, and infection is critical to limiting the resulting brain injury.

Crecimieto folícular ovárico en animales domésticos: una revisión / Ovarian follicular growth in domestic animals: a review

El desarrollo folícular ovárico en los animales domésticos durante un ciclo estral sigue un patrón de dos o tres oleadas o grupos de folículos que crecen. En ese proceso están identificados tres eventos fisiológicos; el reclutamiento, la selección y la dominancia que ejerce el folículo de mayor tamaño sobre los subordinados. En cada oleada folícular es reclutado un grupo de folículos primordiales que posteriormente crecen. La selección del folículo dominante ocurre al final de la fase común de crecimiento. El folículo dominante continúa creciendo a una tasa constante y el resto de los folículos sufren atresia. La desviación folicular es un concepto relativamente nuevo y se refiere al inicio de una diferencia notoria en la tasa de crecimiento entre los dos folículos más grandes presentes en el ovario de hembras monotocas. Los mecanismos fisiológicos implicados en el proceso de desviación y selección no se han definido completamente, pero al parecer se relacionan con la adquisición de receptores para la hormona luteinizante en la granulosa del folículo dominante, un incremento en la producción de estradiol por ese último y la disminución de las concentraciones la hormona folículo-estimulante. Se encuentra implicado también el sistema a través de factores de crecimiento insulínicos (IGF-1 y -2), proteínas de unión (IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 y -6) y proteasas específicas que degradan las IGFBPs. Se describen las relaciones endócrinas, parácrinas y autócrinas del crecimiento folícular, con énfasis en los factores fisiológicos señalados y que están envueltos en el proceso de desviación y selección.

Conflitos causados pela predação de rebanhos domésticos por grandes felinos em comunidades quilombolas na Mata Atlântica / Conflicts caused by predation on domestic livestock by large cats in quilombola communities in the Atlantic Forest

A predação de rebanhos domésticos por onças-pintadas (Panthera onca) e onças-pardas (Puma concolor) foi quantificada de 1998 a 2000 e a opinião local para resolver o conflito foi investigada em duas comunidades quilombolas na Mata Atlântica. Os responsáveis pelas propriedades foram entrevistados regularmente de maio de 2000 a janeiro de 2001. A predação foi dependente do número de animais domésticos nas propriedades, foi aparentemente seletiva e possivelmente sazonal. O prejuízo econômico foi alto quando associado com o baixo número de criações. A população expressou uma visão bastante negativa frente à presença de onças e a maior parte (54 por cento) sugeriu o extermínio desses animais. Conhecer a percepção local é fundamental para adotar um planejamento participativo que reduza as perdas dos proprietários e garanta a conservação dos grandes felinos.

Domestic livestock predation by jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) was recorded from 1998 to 2000 and local opinion to solve the conflict was investigated in two quilombola communities in the Atlantic Forest. The householders were interviewed regularly from May 2000 to January 2001. Predation depended on the number of domestic animals per household, and was apparently selective and possibly seasonal. The economic damage was high when associated with the low livestock number. People's attitude towards predators was negative and most of those surveyed (54 percent) suggested these animals should be eliminated. Knowing the local perception is essential to adopt a participative management to reduce household losses and to guarantee large cats' conservation.

Management of fractures in small animals.

Fracture repair in small animals has arrived at a crossroads because of advances in fracture repair and client demands. Research into bone healing and repair techniques, collective professional experience,economics, and client demands are obligating veterinarians to greater expertise in the actual act of repairing fractures. The influx of surgery specialists into burgeoning private practices has improved access to specialty service beyond what the limited number of academic practices could previously provide and has raised the local standard of practice for orthopedic surgery at the same time. The necessity to deal with the preoperative and postoperative management of traumatized small animals by the general practitioner has not changed, however. Treatment of the small animal patient with a fractured bone does involve accurate definition of the fracture, selection of an appropriate method of fracture fixation from the variety of devices available, and correct application of the fixation. Far more than these, however, it involves assessment and treatment of the traumatized patient as a whole,including preanesthetic evaluation of critical body systems, preoperative preparation of the patient and client, and postoperative management of the repaired fracture and patient.

Traumatic luxations of the appendicular skeleton.

Traumatic luxation of joints of the appendicular skeleton is common.Timely and accurate identification of the luxation is essential to restoring normal function. Physical examination and radiographic assessment are commonly utilized for accurate identification and categorization. Conservative and surgical techniques are employed for treatment of luxations solely and in combination. Selection of appropriate reparative techniques is dependent on the joint injured as well as on other joint- and injury-specific factors.

Healing, diagnosis, repair, and rehabilitation of tendon conditions.

Management of tendon conditions can be frustrating due to difficulty with diagnosis, choice of treatment or repair technique, prolonged tissue healing, and potential for permanent compromise of limb function after surgery. This article reviews tendon healing and reported tendon conditions, focusing on bicipital tenosynovitis and common calcaneal tendon injuries. Surgical management options, research in enhancement of tendon healing, and postoperative rehabilitation are also reviewed.

Immunizations, neonatal jaundice, and animal-induced injuries.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Published studies during the past year about three topics important to the pediatric clinician-- immunizations, neonatal jaundice, and animal-induced injuries-are concisely reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent updates regarding vaccines including the questionable link with autism, implementation of universal influenza vaccination for young children, the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine against invasive disease, and new information on pertussis, varicella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, and rotavirus vaccination are discussed. No association between measles/mumps/rubella vaccine or thimerosal-containing pertussis vaccine and autism is evident. Universal influenza vaccination for children 6 to 23 months of age will be recommended for the 2004-2005 flu season, and this implementation should reduce significant school absenteeism as well as complications seen last year including encephalopathy, seizures, respiratory failure, and pneumonia. Pneumococcal vaccine significantly reduces rates of invasive pneumococcal vaccine in healthy and HIV-infected children, although it does not appear to greatly affect otitis media rates. A reduction in post-vaccine febrile seizures appears to be present since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccine. Multiple outbreaks in varicella have been reported since the introduction of the varicella vaccine, and a booster vaccination may be necessary in the future. Methods for detecting and preventing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are reviewed, as well as anticipated recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics for the detection and management of hyperbilirubinemia. High bilirubin levels in preterm infants may result in hearing dysfunction and developmental impairment. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended a higher level of monitoring for newborn jaundice and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in an effort to prevent kernicterus and sequelae from elevated bilirubin levels, including post-discharge follow-up appointment by day 3 to 5 of age. Dog bites in children with resultant post-traumatic stress disorder, rabies, and salmonellosis from pet reptiles in the home are also addressed. Clinicians need to be aware of the risk for rabies bites, need to recognize that dog bites in children appear to cause post-traumatic stress disorder in more than half of cases, and need to know how to educate patients on how to prevent salmonellosis from pet reptiles and amphibians. SUMMARY: Progress has been made in immunizations, especially immunization for influenza, pneumonia, and pertussis. It is recommended that monitoring for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia be more thorough to prevent the consequences of this condition. Rabies, post-traumatic stress disorder from dog bites, and salmonellosis associated with pet reptiles constitute an important area for patient education.

Juvenile animal abuse: Practice and policy implications for PNPs.

Animal abuse has long been recognized as a sign of family violence and a warning sign of future aggression in children and adolescents. As leaders in youth violence prevention, pediatric nurse practitioners need to be aware of the prevalence and types of juvenile animal cruelty and its relationship to human violence. In doing so, they can champion for health care and related policies for this disturbing problem, described by Ascione as an underreported and understudied issue that may add to the understanding and prevention of youth violence."[One of the most dangerous things that can happen to a child] is when the child who kills or tortures [an animal] is not caught, or if caught is not punished." -Anthropologist Margaret Mead

Interpreting physical evidence of predation on hoofstock and management alternatives for coping with predators.

Predation on domestic and wild hoofstock is a serious management constraint, especially for small ruminants and neonates. Diagnosis of the species of predator responsible for livestock losses relies on the ability to interpret direct and indirect evidence of predation. This article summarizes the physical evidence associated with depredation events and includes the most common species of predators encountered in North America. Management alternatives for coping with predators are discussed.